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Application - Chloramination
Chloramination
Chloramination sometimes replaces chlorination to accomplish more reliable disinfection in water systems. Chlorination typically refers to application of chlorine to achieve a residual of free chlorine. Chloramination refers to purposeful reaction of chlorine with ammonia to create monochloramine, NH2Cl.
Chloramination provides a longer-lasting residual in distribution systems and can reduce the likelihood of formation of certain disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
Proper control of the chloramination process is critical to successful formation and maintenance of monochloramine while minimizing or eliminating the possible formation of undesirable chloramines (dichloramine and nitrogen trichloride).
With analytical testing, you can:
- Optimize chloramine formation
- Meet chlorine residual requirements
- Determine the best ammonia & chlorine feed pump rates
- Reduce the risk of nitrification events
SL1000 and 5500sc AMC
The SL1000 PPA and 5500sc Ammonia Monochloramine Analyzer (AMC) can work in tandem to ensure confidence in the quality of your drinking water. While the 5500sc AMC continuously monitors your chloramination process, the SL1000 PPA can be used to verify your results. In addition, the SL1000 PPA is portable and can be taken into the field so you can test your water quality anywhere.
Click on the videos below to learn more!
Click on the videos below to learn more!
SL1000 PPA: Old Way Versus New Way
5500sc AMC: Ammonia Monochloramine Analyzer
SL1000 PPA: Faster Testing
5500sc AMC: Why Test?
SL1000 PPA: Real-Time Test Challenge
5500sc AMC: Reliability Without All The Work
Clickable Parameter Instrumentation Tool
+ Total Chlorine
Why Test Test for total chlorine to determine total chlorine residual levels in produced potable water. Use the total chlorine concentration for calculating the CT credits and optimizing the treatment process. The total chlorine concentration is required by most compliance and regulatory agencies for compliance reporting purposes. Select the DPD Total Chlorine method that adequately covers the expected chlorine concentration and gives the test sensitivity and concentration resolution desired. The method required may change depending upon the test site within the treatment system. The titration methods are easily adapted to meet the test ranges required in a free chlorine treatment process.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Colorimetric - DPD | Lab | DR 6000 & DR 3900 |
| Colorimetric - DPD | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), DR 900 Series, PCII |
| Colorimetric - DPD | Online | CL17 |
| Amperometric Sensor | Online | CLT10 sc with sc200/sc1000 |
| Potentiometric Titration | Lab | AT1000 |
| Potentiometric Titration | Lab | AT1000 |
| Amperometric Titration | Lab | Digital Titrator |
+ Free Chlorine
Why Test Use the interference-free indophenol free chlorine method to study the disappearance of free chlorine in reaction rate and chloramination process optimization studies without interference from monochloramine.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Colorimetric - Indophenol | Lab | DR 6000 & DR 3900 |
| Colorimetric - Indophenol | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), DR 900 Series, PCII |
| Colorimetric - DPD | Online | CL17 |
| Amperometric Sensor | Online | CLT10 sc with sc200/sc1000 |
+ Iron
Why Test Residual iron is checked to monitor the effectiveness of the chlorine oxidation processes used to remove iron. Use the FerroVer Iron colorimetric method for routine testing. Use the TPTZ Iron colorimetric method when low-level iron testing is required.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Colorimetric - FerroVer | Lab | DR 6000 & DR 3900 |
| Colorimetric - FerroVer | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), DR 900 Series, PCII |
| Colorimetric - TPTZ | Lab | DR 6000 & DR 3900 |
| Colorimetric - TPTZ | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), DR 900 Series, PCII |
+ pH
Why Test Monitor pH to maintain a reasonably steady pH value and to control process efficiency. While pH levels may be unique to a specific chloramination process, a pH range of 8.0 to 9.0 is most effective in the forming of monochloramine. Lower pH levels tend to increase to formation of dichloramine, especially in processes where poor or slow mixing of the ammonia and chlorine is occurring. The pH value is used in determining CT credits.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Electrochemistry - Direct Read | Lab | HQd Benchtop with pH Ultra, pH refillable, or pH gel probes |
| Electrochemistry - Direct Read | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), HQd Portable with pH Ultra, pH refillable, or pH gel probes |
| Electrochemistry - Direct Read | Online | Digital pHd sc with sc200/sc1000 |
+ Hypochlorite
Why Test Bulk hypochlorite (bleach) solutions are unstable and the chlorine concentration will decrease during transportation or during storage. Delivered solutions are billed based on the % or g/L chlorine concentration delivered to the facility or end-user. The chlorine concentration is checked upon delivery to insure accurate billing. Storage tanks are periodically checked to maintain optimum chlorine feed pump rates. Test methods designed to measure % or g/L chlorine concentrations directly without dilution should be used.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Titration | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), Digital Titrator Kit |
| Titration | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), Drop Count Titration Kit |
+ Aqua Ammonia
Why Test Bulk ammonia (Aqua Ammonia) solutions are unstable and the ammonia concentration may decrease during transportation or during storage. Delivered solutions are billed based on the ammonia concentration delivered to the facility or end-user. The ammonia concentration is checked upon delivery to insure accurate billing. Storage tank concentrations are checked to maintain the optimum ammonia feed pump rates required to maintain the desired chlorine to ammonia ratio when forming chloramines. Test methods designed to measure % or g/L ammonia concentrations directly without dilution should be used.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Titration | Portable | Digital Titrator Kit |
+ Monochloramine
Why Test Test for monochloramine to optimize the chloramination process by monitoring the formation of the desired monochloramine species and preventing the formation of the less desirable dichloramine form. Test for monochloramine to study reaction rates and mixing rate efficiencies during the formation of the chloramines. The monochloramine test is used together with a free ammonia determination to reduce raw material costs by preventing the over-feeding of chlorine and ammonia.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Colorimetric - Indophenol | Lab | DR 6000 & DR 3900 |
| Colorimetric - Indophenol | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), DR 900 Series, PCII |
| Colorimetric | Online | AMC 5500sc & AMC 5500sc |
+ Free Ammonia
Why Test Measure free ammonia (unreacted ammonia) to optimize the formation of chloramines. A level of 0.10 mg/L or less as NH3-N is a desirable target level. Excess free ammonia can lead to nitrification problems in the finished distributed waters. Excess free ammonia can be reacted with free chlorine to increase monochloramine and total chlorine residual levels. The absence of free ammonia may indicate that excess free chlorine has been added and that the chloramination process has progressed past the optimum monochloramine form and the less desirable dichloramines are being formed. The Free Ammonia Indophenol method is designed to measure free ammonia in the presence of monochloramine. Traditional ammonia methods based on phenol or salicylate have a direct interference from monochloramine in chloraminated waters and should not be used.
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Colorimetric - Indophenol | Lab | DR 6000 & DR 3900 |
| Colorimetric - Indophenol | Portable | SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA), DR 900 Series, PCII |
| Colorimetric | Online | AMC 5500sc & AMC 5500sc |
+ Total Ammonia
measured as a sum of all ammonia nitrogen present in the solution in the form of monochloramine (NH2Cl), ammonium ion (NH4+), and molecular ammonia (NH3)
| Method | Use Model | Product |
|---|---|---|
| Colorimetric | Online | AMC 5500sc & AMC 5500sc |
| Titration | Portable | DR 6000 & SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA) |
Featured Products
SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyser (PPA)
Product #: 9430000
The Hach SL1000 Portable Parallel Analyzer (PPA) performs the same tests with less than half the manual steps. Get highly accurate results, with less opportunity for errors, in a fraction of the time. Up to six parameters, tested simultaneously.
5500sc Ammonia Monochloramine Analyzer, 2 Channel
Product #: 5500.AMC.2.KTO
The 5500sc Ammonia Monochloramine Analyzer provides all the information you need to eliminate nitrification events and taste and odor issues, giving you total confidence in your process.